دراسة فقهية حول إلزام الناس بالزكاة في الحکومة الاسلامیة من وجهة نظر الإمام الخميني

نوع المستند : Original Article

المؤلفون

1 أستاذ مساعد، قسم اللغة العربية، مركز اللغات، جامعة الإمام الصادق(ع)، طهران، ايران

2 معهد البحوث للإمام الخميني،طهران، ايران.

المستخلص

تهدف الزكاة إلى إقامة القسط في المجمتع ولها أهمیة کبیرة لدرجة أن إرسال الرسل وإنزال الكتب لم يكن إلا من أجل ذلك. واهتم بها القرآن الكريم وجاء أكثر ماجاء عنها في القرآن الكريم قرینا مع الصلاة. المشكلة الرئيسة أنه إذا استمرت الدفعات الفردية للزکاة إلى مختلف الفقهاء أو المستحقين كما كان الأمر دارجا قبل الحكومة الإسلامية، فيؤدي إلى تبعثر وتوازي زكوات الناس فلا تخدم رفع الفقر ولا تحقيق العدالة بشكل لائق. یتناول هذا المقال من خلال دراسة مصادر المكتبة وبمنهج التحليل الوصفي دراسة سبب الدلالات البینة في السياق الأمري لآيات وجوب الزكاة وبناء علی بعض مصارف الزكاة المذکورة فیها فیدعي أنه لايعقل كونها إلا في ظل الحكومة الإسلامية وبما جرت سيرة النبي والأئمة المعصومين عليهم السلام على إلزام الناس بالزكاة من خلال إرسال جباة الزكاة أو الوكلاء إلى مختلف المناطق لجباية الزكوات فإن الزكاة ميزانية بيد الحاكم فحسب. وذهب الإمام الخميني إلى أن الفقيه أبصر من غيره في صرف موارد الزكاة والأفضل حملها إلیه في عصر الغبية أما إذا ترأس الحكومةَ الإسلاميةَ الفقيهُ الحاكم فلا ينبغي حمل الزكاة إلى غيره بسبب جامعيته وأبصريته من غيره من بین الفقهاء. إذن الزكاة لها شأن حكومي والحكومة بوصفها إسلامية يمكن أن تلزم أفراد شعبها بدفع الزكاة.

الكلمات الرئيسية

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